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It adds, That is the central scientific distinction in this debate, and it appears at risk of being ignored. By contrast, it is argued that smoke-free products deliver nicotine without combustion, significantly reducing exposure to the toxic substances responsible for smoking-related illness

CS exposure and AM homeostasis Surfactant/lipid processing and inflammation The AM has a role in regulating the surfactant layer coating the alveolar epithelium by clearing damaged and oxidised surfactant produced by the alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cell ensuring low surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse.78 AMs contribute to around 50% of surfactant turnover through degradation, with the remaining surfactant uptake and recycling by AT2 cells.79 Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is required for the differentiation and functional activity of the AM in mice80 and has an important role in surfactant homeostasis

Source: World Health Organization

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