Whether you are smoking a cigarette, an e-cigarette, a cigar, or tobacco from a waterpipe, smoking is dangerous not only to your oral health but to your overall health. Think hookahs are safer than cigarettes
Indeed, genes reported to be regulated by known PXR ligands are CYP1A1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, MDR1, MRP2, and members of the UGT, sulfotransferase, and carboxylesterase families (Goodwin, Redinbo, and Kliewer, 2002)
As with other drugs, the most sensible approach to nicotine is harm reduction, which seeks to minimize both the harm caused by psychoactive substances and the harm caused by misguided government responses to them
This intentional abstinence is meant to foster self-discipline, empathy for those in need, and a heightened awareness of your actions