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Expression of a catalytically inactive mutant form of glutathione peroxidase 4 (gpx4) confers a dominant-negative effect in male fertility
Similar content being viewed by others Introduction Ascorbate (ascorbic acid or vitamin C
Adherence to mitochondrial proteins, especially in the setting of GSH depletion, is important because mitochondrial protein binding depletes native antioxidant functions and also alters the mitochondrial ATP-synthase -subunit, leading to ineffective ATP production.9,13 Other mechanisms of hepatotoxicity include the formation of toxic free radicals, such as peroxynitrite, from the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide, subsequently forming nitrotyrosine adducts inside the mitochondria.9,13 GSH repletion not only provides surplus cysteine as an energy substrate for the Krebs cycle, it also serves the important role of scavenging for free radicals and peroxynitrite.9,10 Mitochondria, which are critical for cellular respiration and metabolism, suffer damage to their own mitochondrial DNA by the actions of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite compounds, and they have been directly implicated in the process leading to cessation of ATP synthesis.9,11 Many biochemical studies have been performed in murine models
