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Abbreviations GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1 DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 NEPs: Neutral endopeptidases GLP-1RAs: GLP-1 receptor agonists GLP-1 Rs: GLP-1 receptors T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus DR: Diabetic retinopathy anti-VEGF: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor AMD: Age-related macular degeneration GA: Geographic atrophy CVOTs: Cardiovascular outcome trials BRB: Blood-retinal barrier cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate BBB: Blood-brain barrier AD: Alzheimers disease CVOs: Circumventricular organs RPE: Retinal pigment epithelial GPCRs: G protein-coupled receptors GCL: Ganglion cell layer GK: Goto-Kakizaki E4: Exendin-4 ONL: Outer nuclear layer TXNIP: Thioredoxin-interacting protein INL: Inner nuclear layer NFL: Nerve fiber layer STZ: Streptozotocin GLAST: Glutamate-aspartate transporter nAMD: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration PLGF: Placental growth factor ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 FFAs: Free fatty acids LDs: Lipid droplets EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ROS: Reactive oxygen species MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential DAM: Disease-associated microglial HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin CNS: Central nervous system RGC: Retinal ganglion cell POAG: Primary open-angle glaucoma IOP: Intraocular pressure RCTs: Randomized controlled trials BMI: Body mass index NAION: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy DED: Dry Eye Disease DDES: Diabetic dry eye syndrome References Drucker DJ

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Medical professionals understand that theres an emotional facet at play (which was the factor contributing to your weight gain.) With this food addiction, health professionals will provide alternatives to make the transition smooth and supplement what youll lose